AI Overview Several sources indicate a historical and ongoing critique of Immanuel Kant's philosophy, particularly his ethics and theory of knowledge, by figures within the Catholic Church and other religious or conservative circles . Specifically: Catholic Church Opposition: Kant's philosophy has been seen as conflicting with core Catholic doctrines, particularly his views on metaphysics, the supremacy of reason, and the role of religious dogma according to Medium . Popes Leo XIII and Pius X condemned Kant's teachings, and his work was historically placed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (Index of Prohibited Books). Critiques include the view that Kant's theory of knowledge makes mind and thought the measure of reality, rather than the reverse, and that his emphasis on moral autonomy can be seen as undermining the authority of the Church. Challenges to Disinterested Morality: Some religious critiques, like those found in The Catholic Thing , argue that ...