By James Larson “ We so heartily approve the magnificent tribute of praise  bestowed upon this most divine genius that We consider that Thomas  should be called not only the Angelic, but also the Common or Universal  Doctor of the Church; for the Church has adopted his philosophy for her own .” ( Pius XI, Studiorum Ducem )  “We therefore desired that all teachers of philosophy and sacred theology should be warned that if they deviate so much as a step, in metaphysics especially, from Aquinas, they exposed themselves to grave risk .” (Pius X, Doctoris Angelici )            “Metaphysics” can tend to be an intimidating word to  most Catholics. It is usually defined as the science of “being,  considered simply as being,” a definition which itself can seem  imposing. Since metaphysics is considered the basis of all other  philosophical inquiry and disciplines, it is therefore imperative that  we begin by eliminating much of the unnecessary “...