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CONFERENCE: THE FOUNDATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: CATHOLIC CONTRIBUTIONS, PART I: ARTICLE: RETRIEVING A CATHOLIC TRADITION OF SUBJECTIVE NATURAL RIGHTS FROM THE LATE SCHOLASTIC FRANCISCO SUAREZ, S.J. Spring, 2012 Reporter 10 Ave Maria L. Rev. 343 * Length: 21559 words Author: Steven J. Brust, Ph.D.+ + Steven J. Brust, Ph.D, in political theory, The Catholic University of America. M.A. in philosophy, Franciscan University of SteubenvilleI would like to thank Robert Fastiggi for including me in the conference on human rights in the Catholic tradition.

https://www.avemarialaw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Brust.pdf obert P. Kraynak, Citizenship in Two Worlds: On the Tensions Between Christian Faith and American Democracy, 16 Josephinum J. Theology 288, 290-94 (2009) [hereinafter Kraynak, Citizenship in Two Worlds]; see also Annabel S. Brett, Liberty, Right and Nature: Individual Rights in Later Scholastic Thought 4-6 (1997) (discussing subjective rights and the Spanish neo-Thomists); Ernest L. Fortin, On the Presumed Medieval Origin of Individual Rights, in Classical Christianity and the Political Order: Reflections on the Theologico-Political Problem 243, 243-64 (J. Brian Benestad ed., 1996) (arguing for the differences between natural law and natural rights theories); Ernest L. Fortin, Sacred and Inviolable: Rerum Novarum and Natural Rights, in Human Rights, Virtue, and the Common Good: Untimely Meditations on Religion and Politics 191, 192 (J. Brian Benestad ed., 1996) [hereinafter Human Rights, Virtue, and the Common Good]...

Theological Studies 53 (1992) "SACRED AND INVIOLABLE": RERUM NOVARUM AND NATURAL RIGHTS ERNEST L. FORTIN... "Leo XIII may have had no choice but to fall back on the rights theory as a bulwark against the inroads of socialism, since there was little on the intellectual horizon that could have served his purpose equally well, but the strategy had its drawbacks. There are better ways of guarding against modern totalitarianism, its deification of the state, and its threat to freedom. After all, Aristotle and Thomas were not totalitarians...232 THEOLOGICAL STUDIES he drew copiously.67 Little wonder that Leo's theologians, some of whom had been disciples and colleagues of Taparelli, should have had so much trouble separating the wheat from the chaff or distinguishing between what was or was not compatible with standard Catholic doctrine. To sum up, the problem with Rerum novarum is that it lives in two worlds between which it cannot choose and which it is unable to harmonize completely."

https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/53.2.1.pdf https://theologicalstudies.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/53.2.1.pdf Theological Studies 53 (1992) "SACRED AND INVIOLABLE": RERUM NOVARUM AND NATURAL RIGHTS ERNEST L. FORTIN, A.A. Boston College L EO xnis Rerum novarum, whose centenary was observed in 1991,1 ! is the first in a long series of official documents by means of which the Roman Catholic Church has attempted to deal with what the 19th century called the "social question/' that is, the scandal provoked by the impoverishment of large segments of the working class in a world that was daily becoming more opulent at its expense. It is also, in the opinion of many, the most theoretical and most elegant of these documents. Its great merit is to have defined the terms in which the moral problems spawned by the industrialization of Western society would henceforth be debated in Catholic circles. In it one finds a key to the understanding of the m...

Political philosopher Pierre Manent’s shows how the humanitarianism of Francis and Leo sever us from the common good of families and societies which should ultimately be directed to loving God above all things and working for the salvation of ourselves and others.

Pope Leo XIV... appears to have adopted “humanitarianism” as his default position. - Daniel Mahoney Political philosopher Pierre Manent’s shows how the humanitarianism of Francis and Leo sever us from the common good of families and societies which should ultimately be directed to loving God above all things and working for the salvation of ourselves and others. Manet's books have argued that Francis's focus on universal borderless rights threatens to replace authentic Christian faith with a abstract secular humanitarianism. He contents that Francis's interpretation of the Good Samaritan in Fratelli Tutt is a quasi-humanitarian secular parable, whereas the Samaritan fundamentally represents Jesus Christ healing a mortally wounded humanity. Sadly, abstract 'Human dignity" humanitarianism replaces acting moral people choosing the good with abstract, disembodied individuals choosing subjective desires unrelated to anything, but t...