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Fortin details several key reasons why Taparelli's concept does not align with the original philosophy of Thomas Aquinas:The Shift to Individual Rights: St. Thomas Aquinas focused on objective right (ius), which is what is objectively owed to the common good or to another person based on duty and virtue. In contrast, Fortin argues that Taparelli succumbed to modern political thought by focusing on subjective, individual natural rights.An Artificial Hybrid: Fortin views Taparelli's concept as an unstable, idiosyncratic compromise. Taparelli took the language of the Enlightenment (Lockean rights, individual liberties) and tried to baptismally fuse it with Thomistic natural law to counter radical secularism and socialism.Individual vs. Social Ethics: Classical Thomism views justice as an objective ordering of the political community toward the common good. Critics following Fortin's line of thought note that Taparelli’s "social justice" was actually just an individual ethics wrapped in a social intention—relying on individual virtue and voluntary associations rather than a structurally Thomistic political architecture.Distorting the Thomistic Virtues: Aquinas strictly categorized justice into commutative (between individuals) and distributive (from the community to the individual). By inventing a new category called "social justice" to handle modern industrial and class dynamics, Taparelli unintentionally bypassed the strict, classical framework laid out by Aquinas.Summary of the ConflictPhilosophical FeatureSt. Thomas AquinasTaparelli (According to Fortin)Core FocusObjective duties and the common goodSubjective "natural rights" of the individualPhilosophical RootClassical Aristotelianism & Christian TheologyA hybrid of Thomism and modern Enlightenment thoughtPrimary FrameworkCommutative and Distributive JusticeA new "Social Justice" tied to subsidiarity

Fortin details several key reasons why Taparelli's concept does not align with the original philosophy of Thomas Aquinas:
  • The Shift to Individual Rights: St. Thomas Aquinas focused on objective right (ius), which is what is objectively owed to the common good or to another person based on duty and virtue. In contrast, Fortin argues that Taparelli succumbed to modern political thought by focusing on subjective, individual natural rights. [1, 2, 3, 4]
  • An Artificial Hybrid: Fortin views Taparelli's concept as an unstable, idiosyncratic compromise. Taparelli took the language of the Enlightenment (Lockean rights, individual liberties) and tried to baptismally fuse it with Thomistic natural law to counter radical secularism and socialism. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  • Individual vs. Social Ethics: Classical Thomism views justice as an objective ordering of the political community toward the common good. Critics following Fortin's line of thought note that Taparelli’s "social justice" was actually just an individual ethics wrapped in a social intention—relying on individual virtue and voluntary associations rather than a structurally Thomistic political architecture. [1, 2]
  • Distorting the Thomistic Virtues: Aquinas strictly categorized justice into commutative (between individuals) and distributive (from the community to the individual). By inventing a new category called "social justice" to handle modern industrial and class dynamics, Taparelli unintentionally bypassed the strict, classical framework laid out by Aquinas. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Summary of the Conflict
Philosophical FeatureSt. Thomas AquinasTaparelli (According to Fortin)
Core FocusObjective duties and the common goodSubjective "natural rights" of the individual
Philosophical RootClassical Aristotelianism & Christian TheologyA hybrid of Thomism and modern Enlightenment thought
Primary FrameworkCommutative and Distributive JusticeA new "Social Justice" tied to subsidiarity

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