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primary diff erence between justice and charity is that justice is a legal debt, whereas charity is a moral debt.58 A moral debt is one that arises because of a kind of friendship, one in which we wish another well simply because of the love we have for that person.. premise for Aquinas’s discussion of these acts of charity is that they are all done for the sake of God, since God is the ultimate subject of char-ity.62



assert that justice’s primary concern should be a redistribution of material wealth for the sake of individualistic pursuits.Now, if liberality is not a precept of justice, does this mean that it is purely supererogatory, that is, that we are not obliged in any way to give the greatest benefi t to the least advantaged? As both Paul Weithman and Stephen Pope have argued,57 for Aquinas there is an obligation to give charitable gifts, but this is by its nature a precept of the virtue of charity and not of justice.V.Charity. We must now turn to the virtue of charity to see in what way it is necessary to give to others.  e primary diff erence between justice and charity is that justice is a legal debt, whereas charity is a moral debt.58 A moral debt is one that arises because of a kind of friendship, one in which we wish another well simply because of the love we have for that person.59 For friends, there is no need for a strict impersonal rule of equality (that is, justice); indeed, as friends, we overlook the rational demands of justice and give to the other simply for the sake of friendship.60 Hence, it is in the discussion of charity that Aquinas covers those actions closest in spirit to liberality: mercy, benefi cence, and almsgiving.61  ese ideas seem to embody the liberal notion of distributive justice, to give to those who are least advantaged. However, in order to see how the  omistic conception is in fact radically diff erent from the liberal principle, we need to analyze the basis for our obligations in charity. e critical premise for Aquinas’s discussion of these acts of charity is that they are all done for the sake of God, since God is the ultimate subject of char-ity.62

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